最近公司要上线HTTPS,需要把之前的HTTP访问强制跳转到HTTPS。
Nginx安装注意事项
安装的时候需要注意加上 –with-http_ssl_module,因为http_ssl_module不属于Nginx的基本模块。
1.配置
./configure
--user=www
--group=www
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx
--with-http_stub_status_module
--with-http_ssl_module
2.编译安装
make && make install
配置SSL证书
如下两个证书文件 ssl.crt ssl.key
配置存放路径为/usr/local/nginx/cert/
server {
listen 443;
server_name dev.wangsl.com;
root /var/www/XXX/public;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/ssl.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/ssl.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangsl.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;
error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangsl.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;
if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) { //对访问的来源ip做白名单限制
rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
#include fastcgi_params;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
Http访问强制跳转到Https的几种方式:
一、采用nginx的rewrite方法
1) 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。
例如将所有的dev.wangsl.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。
下面配置均可以实现:
配置1:
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; //这是ngixn早前的写法,现在还可以使用。
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
================================================================
上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
也可以改为下面
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangsl.com/$1 permanent;
或者
rewrite ^ http://dev.wangsl.com$request_uri? permanent;
================================================================
配置2:
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; //这是nginx最新支持的写法
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
配置3:这种方式适用于多域名的时候,即访问wangsl.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangsl.com上面
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com wangsl.com *.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
if ($host ~* "^wangsl.com$") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangsl.com/ permanent;
}
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
配置4:下面是最简单的一种配置
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
if ($host = "dev.wangsl.com") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangsl.com permanent;
}
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
二、采用nginx的497状态码
497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS
解释:当网站只允许https访问时,当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码
思路:
利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://dev.wangsl.com这个域名上
配置实例:
如下访问dev.wangsl.com或者wangsl.com的http都会被强制跳转到https
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com wangsl.com *.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
也可以将80和443的配置放在一起:
server {
listen 127.0.0.1:443; #ssl端口
listen 127.0.0.1:80; #用户习惯用http访问,加上80,后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口
server_name dev.wangsl.com;
#为一个server{......}开启ssl支持
ssl on;
#指定PEM格式的证书文件
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/wangsl.pem;
#指定PEM格式的私钥文件
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/wangsl.key;
#让http请求重定向到https请求
error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https
上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源,可以借鉴百度使用的方法:巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用,将http跳转到https
可以基于http://dev.wangsl.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html,内容就是http向https的跳转
将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html
<html>
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangsl.com/">
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com wangsl.com *.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
#将404的页面重定向到https的首页
error_page 404 https://dev.wangsl.com/;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
四、通过proxy_redirec方式
解决办法:
# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home
proxy_redirect http:// https://;